Global Warming Refugees

A worldwide temperature alteration Refugees A worldwide temperature alteration was a bogeyman story in the initial segment of the twentieth century however it has become a reality for individuals of the twenty-first century. Individuals have recognized changes which have been occurring and are attempting to respond in like manner. Accordingly, it has become evaluated that 150-200 million individuals will become displaced people because of atmosphere warming (Afifi and Jger 101).Advertising We will compose a custom article test on Global Warming Refugees explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More It is imperative that specialists stress that the quantity of constrained transients is very unpleasant as further exploration is required. In any case, unmistakably many individuals should leave their countries attempting to escape from negative atmosphere conditions. It is important to comprehend specific reasons for movement to have the option to create effective measures to help individuals. In any case it is important to take note of that environmental change is related with outrageous climates. Various tornadoes, storms, floods, dry seasons, etc harm immense zones and make them dreadful: people’s homes are annihilated, biological systems are harmed, lands transform into swamps, developed land falls apart, etc (Miller and Spoolman 513). It is particularly valid for waterfront regions which are influenced by these cataclysmic events just as sea rise. A dangerous atmospheric devation regularly harms cultivating and tremendous territories become inadmissible for development. This prompts starvation. Plainly, urban regions are additionally getting less agreeable. A dangerous atmospheric devation prompts spread of various illnesses which were not normal or were regular of African or Asian territories. Higher temperatures likewise accelerate an assortment of synthetic responses delivering risky synthetic substances â€Å"in photochemical exhaust cloud in urban areas† (Miller and Spoolman 513). At long last, individuals likewise anticipate various wars for assets, for example, water, food, oil, wood, etc. Clearly, every one of these occasions will drive a large number of individuals leave their countries as this is as of now occurring since displaced people from African nations are attempting to get away to European or other created nations. In fact, the best method to decrease the impact of an unnatural weather change is to diminish environmental change or, in any event, back it off. In any case, individuals are yet to discover the answer for this issue. In the interim, they need to begin creating systems to dodge occasions referenced previously. Obviously, the best method to tackle this issue would be production of a worldwide government which would appropriate normal assets among individuals of the world.Advertising Looking for exposition on natural examinations? How about we check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This will require development of frameworks which could move assets across nations. It might appear to be an exorbitant task yet it will be financially savvy contrasted with various projects to handle issues concerning displaced people. Nonetheless, the worldwide government is probably not going to exist as national interests frequently (or rather consistently) overweigh. However, obviously legislatures of creating nations won't attempt to fathom such issues as starvation because of absence of assets and financial help from different nations isn't sufficient. In this way, unmistakably individuals are probably not going to think of a proficient arrangement and heaps of individuals will become constrained transients. Obviously, it is difficult to foresee the quantity of individuals who will leave their countries however it is evident that the number will be huge. Researchers just as all partners appear to be not able to disregard individual/national interests and truly center around issues conc erning a dangerous atmospheric devation. In any case, it is as yet important to talk about the issue and bring issues to light among individuals. This will cause more to notice the issue and may add to improvement of the compelling arrangement. Afifi, Tamer, and Jill Jger. Condition, Forced Migration and Social Vulnerability. New York, NY: Springer Science Business Media, 2010. Print. Mill operator, G., and Scott Spoolman. Living in the Environment: Principles, Connections, and Solutions. Belmont, CA: Cengage Learning, 2008. Print.

Senior Student at University

Question: Compose an intelligent synopsis of one article at scholastic level (senior understudy at college )? Answer: The given article has been a genuine eye opener for an individual like me who has consistently been a firm devotee of rationale. While I generally accepted without question that it is rationale just which is objective or more etymological and semantic hindrances, the cases made in the article obviously question the hidden objectivity of rationale as an all unavoidable judgment apparatus. The article relates rationale with human observation and since in discernment there are consistently judgment blunders because of the natural subjectivity, henceforth it additionally sensibly prompts subjectivity in rationale which is upsetting somewhat. This is basically in light of the fact that something (rationale) which I have thought to be faultless and not entirely clear is basically an abstract wonder which relies upon the conditions and recognition. The idea of decision making ability mistakes is additionally captivating particularly with the case of Post-It as it plans to set up that judgment blunders are very inescapable and along these lines should be better comprehended. The creator has additionally scrutinized the connection of rationale with discernment and as such scrutinized the relationship which I have inherently thought to be genuine on account of the experimental occurrences in regards to of the concurrence of the two. Further utilizing information, the creator additionally appears to scrutinize the effect of making portrayals diversely in transit the data got from these discussions is in the end handled prompting different variations. Utilizing the Wason choice assignment, it is obviously evident that rationale is reliable and all the more critically so emotional that makes it hard to foresee gave appropriate demonstrating has not been finished. While the creator hesitantly chooses to accept that rationale is liberated from the impact of semantics and portrayals however then can resist a similar utilizing legitimate contentions. The basic reason for the equivalent is persuading since it is credited to the various habits in which data is handled by various individuals in various manners and consequently a similar data may prompt shifted decisions and to call only one judgment as being right and the staying ones as being fraudulent or questionable is a somewhat possible suspicion. This thought really offers to me as I have found in various occurrences while examining something with companions, the decision they make from a snippet of data might be distinctly not the same as mine and yet they may have a hidden ration ale as solid as mine in light of the fact that basically rationale is an emotional thing which can't be expected to so objective as we see. I specific like the position the creator takes in the sense he isn't against the presence of rationale however the fixation on its objectivity and the inclinations and mistakes during its application. Further the fixation on rationale as has been supported by the creator quite counter-profitable for the advocates of rationale since during their use of rationale with inadequate respect to the specific situation and semantics has brought about judgment predisposition being prompted in their works. This is made clear from the different translations of the carelessness inclination. I was astounded to find out about the better than normal translation gave by the creator with regards to how generally we accept that the hidden conveyance is symmetric and also it never strikes a chord (counting mine) that the normal we characterize for most is exceptionally emotional as is the last end. Furthermore the possibility that relates arrogance with tight interims and probabilistic dissemination add itionally are very persuading and have constrained me to abstain from submitting these mistakes throughout my life. Further the miscalibration inclination presented as understanding of carelessness is likewise captivating since it obviously shows our easygoing utilization of rates and other measurement procedures without fundamentally holding fast to a uniform adjusting scale. Likewise from my experience, I currently can say that we tend to over depend on these rates and their fundamental rationale and subjectivity. Moreover the miscalibration understanding in carelessness is likewise especially regular where we will in general arrive at wrong decisions. So as to diminish these inclinations, the creator has proposed use of outright hazard as opposed to relative hazard which bodes well since relative hazard builds the degree of subjectivity associated with the understanding since no target gauge is available. Further a natural perspective on mistake is introduced based on discoveries of the examination which bode well since rationale ought not be found in seclusion as a general measuring stick and rather it ought to be redone according to the substance which empowers it to keep up its basic objectivity. Thus it gets basic to concentrate in transit things are introduced and rationale is applied so the judgment blunders are limited.

Heroin and Alcohol Consumption

Heroin and Alcohol Consumption Addiction Drug Use Heroin Print Heroin and Alcohol Consumption By Buddy T facebook twitter Buddy T is an anonymous writer and founding member of the Online Al-Anon Outreach Committee with decades of experience writing about alcoholism. Learn about our editorial policy Buddy T Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on August 05, 2016 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on July 22, 2019 MedicImage/Universal Images Group/Getty Images More in Addiction Drug Use Heroin Cocaine Marijuana Meth Ecstasy/MDMA Hallucinogens Opioids Prescription Medications Alcohol Use Addictive Behaviors Nicotine Use Coping and Recovery Heroin is an opiate processed from morphine extracted from the seed pods of certain varieties of poppy plants. It is an illegal and highly addictive drug  sometimes cut with other powder, including sugar, starch, powdered milk or quinine, to increase volume, which helps the person selling it make more money. Between 2000 and 2014 the death rate from drug overdoses in the United States increased 137 percent and there was a 200 percent increase in the rate of overdose deaths involving opioid pain relievers and heroin, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Pure and Black Tar Heroin In the United States today, you can buy two types of heroin: pure heroin and black tar heroin. Pure heroin comes from South America and Southeast Asia and is a white powder with a bitter taste. Most of the heroin sold in the eastern United States is this form of heroin. Black tar heroin  comes from Mexico and is sold mainly in the states west of the Mississippi River. It is typically sticky like roofing tar or hard like coal and gets its dark color from the processing, which leaves behind impurities. Injected, Snorted and Smoked A user injects, snorts or smokes heroin to get their fix. All methods deliver this drug to the brain quickly. For black tar heroin, the user usually dissolves and dilutes, then injects it. Heroin in its powder form, on the other hand, can be more desirable to new users not ready to begin  injection drug use  because you can snort it. You can smoke either kind. How Heroin Affects the Brain Once heroin enters your brain, the body converts it back to morphine and it binds to opioid receptors, located in many areas of your brain and body.  The changes heroin causes in your brain causes its high risk for addiction and the chronic relapsing that may follow after treatment.   Long-term effects of heroin addiction on the brain include: tolerance - over time you will need more of the drug to achieve the same effectdependence - you need to use heroin do prevent withdrawal symptomspossible deterioration of the brains white matter, which affects your ability to make decisions, regulate behavior and appropriately respond to stressful situations Alcohol and Heroin Is a Deadly Combo A person who overdoses is likely to be under the influence of more than one substance. In fact, the Drug Abuse Warning network warns that in overdose cases the patient has typically has an average of 2.7 drugs in their system.   A combination of alcohol and heroin is especially dangerous  because both substances suppress your ability to breathe. If you cant breathe properly, the lack of oxygen can cause hypoxia, which can result  in short- and long-term effects, including coma and permanent brain damage. Respiratory failure is the overwhelming cause of overdose deaths. Effects of Heroin Treatment on Alcohol Consumption Drinking alcohol is a suggested risk factor for heroin addiction. When an addict goes into treatment, either  methadone maintenance treatment (MMT) or  heroin-assisted treatment (HAT) their alcohol consumption goes down too, according to a study published in the journal Alcohol. Researchers found the HAT patients had a greater reduction in alcohol consumption.

Social Issues Class And Gender - 1307 Words

Throughout our semester together, our Social Issues class has discussed many different aspects of race, class and gender. We have had many opportunities to discuss and share our opinions on different topics and problems we face today. During this course, my outlook on life and other people has changed significantly. The use of projects and papers has further enlightened me to understand the perspective of others. The readings that we have been given each week have proven themselves very beneficial and have assisted greatly in furthering my awareness towards different races, classes and genders. One of the publications we were required to read for our Social Issues class was Without a Net. In my opinion, I very much enjoyed reading Without a Net. The story was a very insightful read, full of descriptions from an alternative perspective. I felt that it was a genuinely effective way to understand the troubles faced by those who are poverty-stricken. Michelle Kennedy allows the reader to recognize how she felt at the time of her strife. Michelle felt as if she was making the right choices for herself and her family, when, in fact, those exact choices sent her into a downward spiral of homelessness and hardship. As she explains the situation, â€Å"it doesn’t take much more than a series of bad judgment calls and wrong decisions that, at the time, appear to be perfectly reasonable and in most cases for the better† (Kennedy 2). Michelle went through many challenges, such as making theShow MoreRelatedThe Important Issues in the World Today: Race, Class, Gender, and Power678 Words   |  3 PagesThe most important issues in the world today are race, class, gender, and power. These issues affect the lives of all people on the planet. When President Barack Obama was re-elected to a second term in office as the President of the United States, the election symbolized the ways these issues were brought to the surface. These issues were important in helping Ba rack Obama win the election. Most of the voters were women, and most women preferred Barack Obama. This is because Obama does not hate womenRead MoreThe Study of Postcolonial Feminist Mahasweta Devi1296 Words   |  6 Pagesviewpoint of class and gender clearly. It underlines the fact that the society in which Mahasweta works seems to be starkly divided into two classes- the rich and privileged, and the not are unprivileged. The woman emerges to be a class of low standard has been dominated and doesn’t seem to have attained her freedom even in independent countries. Her sufferings are often under-looked and eventually she merges into the latter class which never asserting her rights and dignity. Class conflicts haveRead More The Media As A social Problem Essay1731 Words   |  7 PagesThe Media as a Social Problem nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp; nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The mass media plays a large role in modern society. 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Feminist political activism campaigns on issues such as reproductiveRead MoreKate Haulman s Politics Of Fashion873 Words   |  4 Pagestension in regards to â€Å"gender relations, social order, and political authority† (3). The cumulative effect of her discussion of fashion is that the reader sees that eighteenth-century American life was far more contested and fluid than it might seem at first glance because fashion offered so many opportunities for commentary and criticism. People’s daily engagement with fashion enabled them to create meaning, make statements, and challenge or uphold distinctions between classes, genders, and political groups

Ecocentrism And Environmentalism - 1578 Words

Deforestation has been a prevalent problem throughout time, but especially with the exponential increase in technology over the past 50 years, it has become a more concerning issue. Then, the ethical question, apart from the impact it has on species, is whether or not ecosystems have more standing. Is it just the individuals that are sentient and have a use to humanity that have moral standing, or is there something beyond individual organisms such as their interrelatedness and contribution to the good of the whole ecosystem? Using Thoreau’s ecocentric philosophical viewpoint acquired through his time at Walden and the contemporary environmental issue of deforestation as an example will provide justification for the argument that†¦show more content†¦Contrary to a biocentrist view, an ecocentrist will assert that to be able to determine moral treatment of any being, the good it contributes to the ecosystem as a whole must be questioned. This kind of view asserted by L eopold constitutes to the main focus of ecocentrism. Regardless of acceptance of an ecocentric view, the question of whether an ecosystem has a moral standing must then be asked. In an anthropocentric view, one sees the moral duties of humans and obligations as only applicable to people. Another view extends moral norms to beyond nonhumans with the argument that the value of humans is also found in other sentient beings. In other words, if one claims that humans have moral standing because they are sentient, then any other organism considered to be sentient also has a moral standing. An additional view applies to an ecocentric view, finding ethical and moral standing beyond just individual organisms. An ecocentric view goes beyond the traditional norms that extend to plants and animals, extending to the view that every single relationship between organisms and their environments are vital components to understanding the value of an individual organism. Overall, â€Å"ecosystems have ecological identities that are reasserted overtime, and ecosystems in part help determine what is said to be for organisms and species. In this sense, ecosystems are prescriptive, selective systems that have systematic,Show MoreRelatedWhat Are The Ideologies Associated With Societal Views Of The Environment And How One Should Effectively Approach Natural Resource Conservation1536 Words   |  7 Pagespromotes human interest (Brennan, 2002). Conversely, ecocentrism sees humans as a part of the Earth’s ecosystems rather than the overseeing entity of them. This view holds intrinsic value in the environment itself and therefore asserts that humans do not possess the power to decide what portions of the planet to protect (Mazzotta, 1995). Rather, humans are seen as environmental stewards and as a part of a larger ecological system. Ecocentrism gives nonhuman entities possession of moral considerationRead MoreAnalysis Of Koyaanisqatsi And If A Tree Falls1734 Words   |  7 Pagesfor humanity’s impact on the longevity of the earth’s natural environment (Gibson 2002). From this concern, the ideology of environmentalism has emerged as a strong social movement, bent on the perusal of a viable future, through the implementation of culturally defined responsibilities towards the natural world (Gibson 2002). Through the progression of cinema, environmentalism has become an issue that has received wide publicity, resulting in the creation of countless films discussing this issue.Read MoreSpace Colonization : A New Frontier1710 Words   |  7 Pagescommon ground. An often cited article entitled â€Å"The ethical dimensions of space settlement,† written by Martyn Fogg, argues that space development is morally acceptable. To begin, Fogg defines four ethical theories: anthropocentrism, zoocentrism, ecocentrism and preservationism. Fogg shows that the anthropocentric, zoocentric and ecocentric ideologies all uphold space colonization as morally permissible because they only require that space colonization is beneficial to man (anthropocentric) and does

Critical Evalutation on Pacfic Brands Case Study Free Essays

The management issue, ethical responsibility can be identified when the company Pacific Brands had announced that they were closing all seven factories in Australia and moving the manufacturing overseas due to the fact that labor would be much cheaper overseas as well as Australians would be paying less money for the same clothes. This highlight’s Pacific Brand’s action to take the company overseas, being negative aspect of ethical responsibility. This selfish act would give the business a bad name/reputation. We will write a custom essay sample on Critical Evalutation on Pacfic Brands Case Study or any similar topic only for you Order Now A multinational company may move its manufacturing facility to a developing country to reduce costs. Practices acceptable in that country, such as child labor, poor health and safety, poverty-level wages and coerced employment, will not be tolerated by an ethical company (Lynn MacDonald, 2011). Pacific Brands has displayed no duty to follow a morally correct path with the organization in terms of ethical responsibility. Although It can be argued that this action to move overseas would increase employment opportunities overseas. Another management Issue hat can be seen by Pacific Brands Is corporate social responsibility. The public Image displayed Is not very positive as It was evident Pacific Brands portrayed no sense of care for the current 1850 employees that had been working for the company. The company Is now seen as a foreign organization displaying the disadvantages of corporate social responsibility. This Is also not good for the Australian economy as the manufacturing Is done over seas for cheaper labor. Pacific Brands has not embraced responsibility for the company’s actions and encourage a positive Impact through their employees. How to cite Critical Evalutation on Pacfic Brands Case Study, Free Case study samples

Roswell Cinematic Essay Bill Brown Example For Students

Roswell Cinematic Essay Bill Brown RoswellDescriptionIn the summer of 1947, there were a number of UFO sightings in the United States. Sometime during the first week of July 1947, something crashed near Roswell. W.W. Mac Brazel went with his son and neighbours Floyd and Loretta Practor, to check on their sheep after a fierce thunderstorm that had taken place just the night before. As they were walking to where the sheep were they saw pieces of what seemed like metal debris. After a bit more investigating, Brazel saw a shallow trench that was several hundred feet long. Brazel went to Roswell and reported it. On July 1947 the press said that a wreckage of a crashed disk had been recovered and issued to col. William Blanchard of the 509th bomb group at Roswell. Just hours later the 509th bomb group said it had been mistakenly identified as a flying saucer when in fact it was really only a weather balloon. When and by whom was this debris found?W.W. Mac Brazel gathered his son and neighbours to check on the sheep because of a storm. On the way to check on the sheep the group found bits of debris everywhere and a long shallow trench. Could it have been a weather balloon?Col. Blanchard sent Major Jesse Marcel to investigate. Marcel was able to determine what direction it came from, and which direction it was heading. He also believed it must of exploded above the ground and fell. Major Jesse Marcel said the debris was strewn over a wide area and the metal was as thin as aluminium foil but indestructible. Is there anything to indicate that this really was a UFO but it was being covered up the 509th bomb group? Back in Roswell, Glenn Dennis, a young mortician working at the Ballard Funeral Home, received some curious calls one afternoon from the morgue at the airfield. It seems the Mortuary Officer needed to get a hold of some small hermetically sealed coffins, and wanted information about how to preserve bodies that had been exposed to the elements for a few days, without contaminating the tissue. Glenn Dennis drove out to the base hospital later that evening where he saw large pieces of Wreckage with strange engravings on one of the pieces sticking out of the back of a military ambulance. Upon entering the hospital he started to visit with a nurse he knew, when suddenly he was threatened by military police and forced to leave. The next day, Glenn Dennis met with the nurse. She told him about the bodies and drew pictures of them on a prescription pad. Within a few days she was transfe rred to England, her whereabouts still unknown. What the Experts and the witnesses say. Don Schmitt and Kevin Randles book said that the military had been watching an unidentified flying object for four days in southern New Mexico. On July 4, 1947 the radar indicated it was down around thirty to forty miles northwest of Roswell. William Woody an eye witness remembered being outside with his father and he saw a brilliant object plummet to the ground. Major Jesse Marcel said debris was strewn all over a wide area and that he held a cigarette lighter to it but it would not burn. He stopped at home on the way to the base with a car full of debris and showed his family and told them I didnt know what we were picking up. I still dont know what it wasit could not have been part of an aircraft, not part of any kind of weather balloon or experimental balloonIve seen rockets sent up at the White Sands Testing Grounds. It definitely was not part of an aircraft or missile or rocket.Under hypnosis Jesse Marcel Jr. said that the writing on the I beams had writing on them that was purple, strange had different Geometric shapes. .u121d19a4cf20401ece64051d2cf011e6 , .u121d19a4cf20401ece64051d2cf011e6 .postImageUrl , .u121d19a4cf20401ece64051d2cf011e6 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u121d19a4cf20401ece64051d2cf011e6 , .u121d19a4cf20401ece64051d2cf011e6:hover , .u121d19a4cf20401ece64051d2cf011e6:visited , .u121d19a4cf20401ece64051d2cf011e6:active { border:0!important; } .u121d19a4cf20401ece64051d2cf011e6 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u121d19a4cf20401ece64051d2cf011e6 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u121d19a4cf20401ece64051d2cf011e6:active , .u121d19a4cf20401ece64051d2cf011e6:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u121d19a4cf20401ece64051d2cf011e6 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u121d19a4cf20401ece64051d2cf011e6 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u121d19a4cf20401ece64051d2cf011e6 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u121d19a4cf20401ece64051d2cf011e6 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u121d19a4cf20401ece64051d2cf011e6:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u121d19a4cf20401ece64051d2cf011e6 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u121d19a4cf20401ece64051d2cf011e6 .u121d19a4cf20401ece64051d2cf011e6-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u121d19a4cf20401ece64051d2cf011e6:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Who Are We to Judge EssayWas it covered up successfully?W.W Mac Brazel who was escorted by three military officers to the Roswell Daily Record (a newspaper and broadcasting company). When Brazel was taken to the Record Offices his story had completely changed. It now occurred on the 14th of July and he also mentioned that on two separate occasions he had found weather devices. Words/ Pages : 757 / 24

Can Machines/Computers Think Essays - Cognitive Science, Cognition

Can Machines/Computers Think? Can computers, robots, and software agents can literally be said to think? Humans think, chimps think, dogs think, cats and birds think. But do computers? For example, If computers can be made to think, then does that mean that humans are a kind of robot and their brains a kind of computer; a neurocomputer? One of the deeper issues here is that the term thinking is ambiguous in at least two ways: it can include being conscious of one's environment (surroundings), one's personal feelings and thoughts, etc., or it can mean cogitate, learn, plan, and solve problems, where these latter terms pick out mental events that may or may not be conscious. The idea that machines could think occurred to the very first computer builders and programmers. The Turing t es t is a test for intelligence in machines. In 1950, Alan Turing published, Computing Machinery and Intelligence where he described a game he called the imitation game involving a human judge conversing only in written text with a second human and a language-using computer, each hidden away in separate rooms (3 rooms total). The point of the game is for the computer to converse in such a human-like way with the judge that the judge cannot tell the second human from the computer. The computer wins if the judge cannot tell which conversant is the human and which the computer is. Turing's point is that, were a computer to successfully and repeatedly pass such a test, we should then regard the computer as intelligent on the human level. To date, no computer has passed the Test reliably and often. While we don't know what thought or intelligence is, essentially, and while we're very far from agreed on what things do and don't have it, almost everyone agrees that hum ans think, and agrees with Descartes that our intelligence is amply manifest in our speech. Along these lines, Alan Turing suggested that if computers showed human level conversational abilities we should, by that, be amply assured of their intelligence. Turing continues, We may now ask the question, what will happen when a machine takes the part of A in this game?" These questions replace our original, "Can machines think?" This test may serve, as Turing notes, "to test not just for shallow verbal dexterity, but for background knowledge and underlying reasoning ability as well, since interrogators may ask any question or pose any verbal challenge they choose". Regarding this test Turing famously predicted that in about fifty years' time by the year 2000 it will be possible to program computers to make them play the imitation game so well that an average interrogator will have no more than 70 per cent chance of making the correct identification after five minutes of questioning. It is important to recognize that Turing proposed his test as a qualifying test for human-level intelligence, not as a disqualifying test for intelligence. So, from the failure of machines to pass this test, we can infer neither their complete lack of intelligence nor, that their thought is not up to the human level. Nevertheless, the manners of current machine failings clearly bespeak deficits of wisdom and wit, not just an inhuman style. Still, defenders of the Turing test claim we would have ample reason to deem them intelligent - as intelligent as we are - if they could pass this test. The extent to which machines seem intelligent depends first, on whether the work they do is intellectual or manual. Let's say that Turing is correct, and that it is imaginable to build a computer that can imitate human intelligence in such a way that it is indistinguishable from real human intelligence. Can we then conclude that the computer indeed thinks? The difficulty with questions like this is, what do we mean by thinking? What do we need for genuine thinking to occur? Consciousness? Understanding? These are not the same things. I am not always conscious of what happens in my mind, and when I am conscious of things, it may well be that I don't understand anything. According to philosopher John Searle, it is understanding that we are after. Let's follow Searle in this respect,

Free Essays on Young Turks

People are almost never happy with what they have. They are always wanting something different, and when they get what they think they want, they change their minds and want something else. This is an ongoing cycle in many cultures. The Middle Eastern society is no exception. Countless reform movements and revolutions mark the history of this region. In the early twentieth century, one of these reform movements arose. This group of revolutionaries were coined the â€Å"Young Turks†. However similar, this group differed in many ways from earlier movements. The Young Turks were generally well educated, they came from jobs as civil servants, and also a great number were students from the University in Istanbul. The earlier groups such as the Young Ottomans, and the Tanzimat, were from upper class families in the aristocracy, this is definitely not true of the Young Turks. The Young Turks also wanted a return of the Constitution and Parliament. This is also true of the Young Ottomans, but not of the Tanzimat. A major difference between these three movements is their emphasis on Islam. The Young Turks had by far the least emphasis on Islam. They were more focused on a Turkish nation which was muslim, than being muslim first and Turkish second. The Young Turks also envisioned an empire of only Turkish speaking muslims, and not of an empire encompassing all the Ottoman lands and other races and ethnic groups which were encompassed therein. Even though it wasn’t their original concern, the movement of the Young Turks is the first real step toward creating a unified muslim nation. In my opinion, they realized they weren’t able to control all the different lands which had been conquered by the Ottoman Empire, and they didn’t want to. They wanted to create a Turkish nation which only included Turkish speakers. They did not intend this to be a geographic boundary of the nation. The Young Turks planned on the nation... Free Essays on Young Turks Free Essays on Young Turks People are almost never happy with what they have. They are always wanting something different, and when they get what they think they want, they change their minds and want something else. This is an ongoing cycle in many cultures. The Middle Eastern society is no exception. Countless reform movements and revolutions mark the history of this region. In the early twentieth century, one of these reform movements arose. This group of revolutionaries were coined the â€Å"Young Turks†. However similar, this group differed in many ways from earlier movements. The Young Turks were generally well educated, they came from jobs as civil servants, and also a great number were students from the University in Istanbul. The earlier groups such as the Young Ottomans, and the Tanzimat, were from upper class families in the aristocracy, this is definitely not true of the Young Turks. The Young Turks also wanted a return of the Constitution and Parliament. This is also true of the Young Ottomans, but not of the Tanzimat. A major difference between these three movements is their emphasis on Islam. The Young Turks had by far the least emphasis on Islam. They were more focused on a Turkish nation which was muslim, than being muslim first and Turkish second. The Young Turks also envisioned an empire of only Turkish speaking muslims, and not of an empire encompassing all the Ottoman lands and other races and ethnic groups which were encompassed therein. Even though it wasn’t their original concern, the movement of the Young Turks is the first real step toward creating a unified muslim nation. In my opinion, they realized they weren’t able to control all the different lands which had been conquered by the Ottoman Empire, and they didn’t want to. They wanted to create a Turkish nation which only included Turkish speakers. They did not intend this to be a geographic boundary of the nation. The Young Turks planned on the nation...

Analyse the association between variables Assignment

Analyse the association between variables - Assignment Example The contention was to find a simple equation that could represent the presented proposition with ease (Witte & Witte, 2009). This was followed by a calculation of the correlation coefficient that was meant to express how well the equation connected to the actual plot points. This was done to see how well any calculations based on the equation would reflect on the actual situation. Part (g) In terms of the initial hypothesis, the plotted points provide a strong correlation between the fitting of denture for the first time and the weight loss in the first year. However, it must be taken to note that the plotted points show a consistent behaviour for respondents with an initial weight under 80 kg. However, when respondents above 80 kg of initial weight are looked into, it becomes clear that they tend not to follow the initial hypothesis. The best solution would be to carry out more research with respondents with an initial weight of over 80 kg and to possibly model the situation using q uadratic or higher order polynomial functions in order to find a better fit for respondents with an initial weight above 80 kg. References Witte, R.S. ...

Feminist Perspective of The Awakening by Kate Chopin Essay

Feminist Perspective of The Awakening by Kate Chopin - Essay Example Her interest in art is portrayed as one that directly corresponds to her lifestyle. The changes described in the novel relate to the confusion of her function as a female artist. Her ideas have made her confused resulting to the decay of her relationships and ultimately, her own death. The novel has three perspectives. The feminist perspective, historical perspective and the psychoanalytical perspective, however, we get to discuss the feminist in detail using Edna as its symbol. The feminist perspective will be discussed to portray the plight of women in the setting of this novel. Other characters are incorporated in brief discussion to define some norms in the society. The Awakening  is a  novel  written during a time that marriage was perceived to be a traditional rite of passage. The rules that applied then do not apply at the moment as people have evolved. Women at that time were forced to marry someone that was arranged for them. This way, the woman had no opinion on who she would marry. The father of the girl child would select a suitable husband for the girl and the girl had no alternative  other than  to marry the person selected for her (Chopin, 1994). Contrary, in today’s society, women can marry whoever they want to as they have a choice. Women then were forced into loveless marriages and Edna became a victim. This was carried out to create a good picture to the society. The novel outlines the plights  that  the women  faced. Marriage was something that suffocated them and Edna felt it was too much and that she needed to be more than just a mother and a wife. Edna did not want to settle and be like the rest of the women. She chose a different path, one that would not be restrictive to her. This led to her denial of her role to be a mother and a wife. She portrays this rejection slowly by slowly by being against the societal and natural beliefs of motherhood that existed in her society. Edna refuses to be identified as the

A History Of Dna Typing And Analysis Criminology Essay

A History Of Dna Typing And Analysis Criminology Essay The discovery of DNA typing has changed the way crimes are investigated. DNA evidence can be found in blood, tissue, hair, saliva, semen, bone, and the list goes one and on. Every person has unique DNA with the exception of identical twins so being able to interpret this valuable information is incredibly useful. Without DNA typing this evidence could not be tested and interpreted. Many criminal cases would go unsolved and people who committed these crimes would still be unpunished for their actions. DNA typing has only been around since the mid 1980s, but has already had a big impact on the world. So, how did the remarkable tool come about? DNA typing is the use of DNA evidence for identification. The DNA evidence found at a crime scene can either link a person to a crime or it can eliminate them as a suspect. It is based on the observation that the genome of each person and animal is unique. This technology has only been around since the mid 1980, but it has already become an essential part of the crime laboratories investigation of a crime. DNA evidence can be stored for long periods of time making old cases that were once thought to be unsolvable now have new leads. Also DNA evidence can be used to exonerate wrongfully convicted prisoners. DNA typing can be classified into two categories; restricted fragment length polymorphisms (RFLP) methods or Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) methods. In 1985 an English geneticist named Alec Jeffreys first described DNA typing. Dr. Jeffreys was attempting to trace genetic markers between members of the same family. He was specifically looking for inheritance patterns for illness and disease. X-rays of mini satellite sections of DNA were taken and examined. On September 10, 1984 Dr. Jefreys was examining several x-rays and noticed that the mini satellite section of each individual was unique from one person to another (web.mit). He developed a technique to measure the difference in the length of the DNA sequences. This allowed him to perform human identity tests. The technique Dr. Jeffreys created to examine these variable number of tandem repeats (VNTRs) was called restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) (Butler). Restriction fragment length polymorphisms are variation in the length of a stretch of DNA. DNA is cut by restriction enzymes and these pieces of DNA contain genes and non-coding DNA. The non-coding DNA is made up of regions of repeats of the same sequence of bases. These multiple regions are known as variable number of tandem repeats (VNTR). To develop a DNA profile-using RFLP is to first extract the DNA. Then cut the DNA into fragments by using restriction enzymes. Once the DNA is cut into fragments they are separated by size using gel electrophoresis. The fragments are then immobilized by transferring them into a nylon membrane. The fragments are identified and located by using a solution that contains the desired probes. To visualize the fragments requires long exposure to detection system. This step involves the probes specifically binding to their complementary VNTR fragments. After the solution is washed the RFLP profile is visualized (Butler). Many crime laboratories adopted t his method of analysis and used it throughout the rest of the 1980s and for most of the 1990s, but there were some disadvantages to the RFLP analysis (Budowle). The process takes a lot of time and a lot of effort to. A large sample of un-degraded DNA is required to perform the test. The first time DNA typing was used in a criminal case was in 1986. In the village of Narborough in Leicestershire, England two girls, Lynda Mann and Dawn Ashworth were sexually assaulted and murdered. The murders were done in a similar fashion leading to the suspicion that the two cases were connected in some way. One man confessed to the murder of a girl, but his DNA did not match that of the DNA recovered form semen found at the crime scenes. Blood was collected from more the 4000 men from three surrounding villages. The blood sample collected from Colin Pitchfork match the semen from both murder scenes. He was convicted of both murders and was sentenced to life in prison (Wambaugh). DNA typing evolved from the use of Dr. Jeffreys method of analysis to the use of single locus variable number of tandem repeats by RFLP analysis. DNA typing then moved to the use of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) that was more sensitive, easier to perform, took less time, and can be automated. In 1983 Kerry Mullis discovered the polymerase chain reaction (PCR), which he later won the Nobel piece prize for. This development revolutionized forensic DNA analysis. PCR is used to amplify selected sections of DNA that contains either length or sequence polymorphisms. The DQ-Alpha test was one of the first PCR test to be used in crime laboratories. The DQ-Alpha test was developed in 1991 and was based on the identification of human leukocyte antigens, which are proteins that have a known sequence. The next innovation was developed later in the 90s with short tandem repeats (STR). Short tandem repeats are kind of like VNTRs, but with very short sequences that vary from two to six base pairs . The advantage of using this method is that very small amounts of DNA are required to perform the test (Butler). DNA profiles are also very useful because they can be electronically entered into databases. The Combined DNA Index System or CODIS is a collection of databases of DNA profiles obtained from evidence samples from unsolved crimes and from known individuals convicted of particular crimes (Butler). The FBI who oversees the database started CODIS in 1998. The main goal of the CODIS system is to allow local and national law enforcement laboratories to be able to compare DNA profiles to each other electronically and to be able to link crimes to each other. The system is made up of three database levels: local, state, and national levels. The convicted offenders index qualifications for submitting a sample are determined by state legislation. Convicted offender profiles make up most of a states database. The forensic index is the second most common entry. Forensic profiles consist of forensic evidence in cases. There main purpose is to generated leads in the investigation and possibly conne cting cases to each other. Some states are required to maintain other indices such as a suspect database The National DNA Index currently contains more the seven million offender profiles and almost 269,000 forensic profiles. CODIS has produced over 90,900 hits and has help solve more than 89,600 cases (Butler). DNA analysis has evolved of the past twenty-five years and now it can be used in many different ways. A big way in which DNA is used is in the identification of individuals in mass disasters. One example is the September 11th attacks on the World Trade Centers. DNA was collected from the bone and tissue the unknown bodies, put into a database, and compared with reference samples that were collected. Only 1585 of the 2792 known deaths have been identified, but the database was reopened in 2007 and further investigations are going on. Another effort to identify unknown victims in the DNA Shoah Project, which is a database of family members of people who were in the Holocaust. The main effort of the database is to reunite families who were separated and help identify buried Holocaust victims. DNA analysis isnt just used in solving criminal cases or identifying unknown people, it is also used to check and see if something is authentic. The National Football League uses DNA technology to mark balls used in the Super Bowl to ensure authenticity and stop counterfeit merchandise. The football is marked with an invisible strand of synthetic DNA that can be read by a special laser. A similar thing occurred in the 2000 Olympic games. DNA was taken from unknown athletes and added to ink that was used mark all of the official Olympic gear (DNA Forensics). Without this remarkable tool many of the criminal investigations going on right now would go unsolved. According to Locards Exchange Principle every time a person enters any kind of environment something is left behind and something is taken away. This means that every time a criminal enters a crime scene evidence is left behind and evidence is taken away. An example is a criminal leaves behind fingerprints, pieces of hair, or semen behind at the crime scene. The offender also takes away hair and possible blood from the victim on his clothes or shoes. Without DNA typing this evidence would not be able to be linked to the crime scene. There have also been several cases were DNA evidence has been used to pardon the wrongfully accused. As the technology becomes more advanced and new methods of testing DNA are being created DNA typing will continue to revolutionize the way criminal investigations are solved as well as the creation of more new and exciting ways DNA can be used. DNA Typing Timeline 1980-Ray White describes first polymorphic RFLP marker. 1985 Alec Jeffreys develops multi-locus RFLP probes 1986-DNA testing goes public with cell mark and life codes in United States. 1988-FBI begins DNA casework with single-locus RFLP probes. 1989- TWGDAM established; NY v. Castro case raises issues over quality assurance of laboratories 1990- population statistics used with RFLP methods are questioned; PCR methods start with DQA1. 1991-Fluorescent STR markers first described; Chelex extraction. 1992-NRC 1 report; FBI starts casework with PCR-DQA1. 1993-First STR kit available; sex typing (amelogenin) developed. 1994- Congress authorizes money for upgrading state forensic labs; DNA wars declared over; FBI starts casework with PCR-PM 1995- O.J. Simpson saga makes public more aware of DNA; DNA Advisory Board setup; UK DNA Database established; FBI starts using 1S80/amelogenin. 1996-NRC ÃŽÂ   Report; FBI starts mtDNA testing; first multiplex STR kits become available 1997-Core13 STRs defined; Y chromosome testing with STRs described. 1998-FBI Launches Combined DNA Index System: -CODIS USAs database of DNA profiles. -Only convicted criminals. Thomas Jefferson and Bill Clinton implicated with DNA. 1999- Multiplex STR kits of 13 core STRs and gender markers are validated: FBI stops testing DQA1, PM, D1S80. 2000-FBI and other labs stop running RFLP cases and convert to multiplex STR; PowerPlex 16 kit enables first single amplification of CODIS STRs. 2001-Identifier STR kit released with 5-dye chemistry; first Y- STR kit became available. 2002-FBI mtDNA population database released; Y-STR 20plex published. 2003-50th anniversary of Watson and Cricks discovery of DNA; The final draft of the Human Genome Project is released; US Database has 1 million DNA profiles of convicted offenders; The UK National DNA Database passes the 2 million sample mark. (Timeline taken form Table 1.1 of Forensic DNA Typing by John M. Butler)

Divine Comedy and Dante

Dante Alighieri’s â€Å"The Divine Comedy† is a poem written in first person that tells of Dante’s altered-ego pilgrimage through the three realms of death, Hell, Purgatory, and Paradise while trying to reach spiritual maturity and an understanding of God’s love while attaining salvation. Dante creates an imaginative correspondence between a soul’s sin on Earth and the punishment one receives in Hell. â€Å"In the middle of the journey of our life I came to myself in a dark wood where the straightway was lost. (Canto I, pg. 11). Throughout â€Å"The Divine Comedy†, this is the only reference Dante, in my opinion, is referring to that â€Å"dark place† we all find ourselves in at some point in time in our own life. I, as Dante’s Pilgrim, have found myself in this â€Å"dark place† or â€Å"dark wood† once I lost sight of the â€Å"beaten path† or â€Å"where the straightway was lost† that I was travel ling (life). But, it was during this time that I was lost that I not only found myself, but most importantly, I found my soul. I found the straightway path to my soul while in the dark wood. It is at this dark place or dark wood, that one begins not only to search for answers to one’s sin but to seek answers to the questions of the heart and mind. It is here, of the straightway lost, where the heart and mind no longer struggle for right vs. wrong but to harvest peace. Peace within one’s soul. The peace of one’s soul is born once the heart and mind become one and with this peace one will continue to search for God’s salvation just as Dante’s Pilgrim. The path to Paradise begins in Hell. † (Dante – The Divine Comedy. When Dante enters Hell on Good Friday, he reads the following posted above the gates of Hell as he is about to enter (Canto III, line 9): â€Å"Abandon all hope ye who enter here†. To leave Hell, Dante and his self-ego, must go through all nine circles of Hell, the deeper the circle, the more grave the sin and the sin’s punishment. The gravest punishment is that no one cares nor will help another while in Hell. Dante recognizes that those in Hell have chosen to be in Hell by their own choice but most importantly Dante learns to recognize and detest man’s sinful nature and the power of evil, and the need to guard against it. Hell has no hope. At times, it seems, more often than enough, that both the world and society are becoming increasingly hopeless. To lose hope is to lose life. To lose life is to gain Hell. Living is caring and hoping for the well being of man for today and for days to follow. In the Divine Comedy, to leave Hell, one must go through nine circles of Hell. But, for us, are the nine circles of hell the nine hours in the day that we inject ourselves into society? At the end of every day, do we journey through nine circles of Hell? Do we abandon all hope as we enter the day? â€Å"The path to Paradise begins in Hell. † If this is to be true, then tomorrow may I awake in Paradise.

Woolf & Baym

Virginia Woolf takes into consideration the necessary conditions required for the creation of a literary work. She considers the schooling as the first pre-requisite for this purpose. Shakespeare’s sister is a manifestation of that aggravation that women writers felt over the passage of time over the issue of lack of equal opportunities for women in the literary domain. In this way she contemplates over the socio-historical reason for the inability of female writers to create a high quality work.She looks at the female historical experience and relates it with her thesis. She poses a historical questions why great women writers were absent from the literary realm in the early history of English literature and why there no Shakespeare and/or Chaucer; â€Å"Why no woman wrote a word of that extraordinary literature when every other man, it seemed, was capable of song or sonnet. † (p. 363) Her dismay over the absence of any female literary giant turns into anger and gloomi ness when she learns about the pathos and miseries of female life.Although she tries to search for any available evidence on Shakespeare’s sister but lack of substantiation compel her employ her imaginary and fictional faculties in relating the predicaments of Shakespeare's sister. Woolf's theory postulates that â€Å"For genius like Shakespeare's is not born among labouring, uneducated, servile people† because she is of the view that literary genius is a production leisure class activity. She further thinks that financial independence nurtures freedom of thought and action and this elevated flight of imagination can only produce a work of the calibre of Shakespeare.Women of that time were not free from these obstacles, so were unable to produce a great literary piece. There was female talent and genius but they wasted their talent in making money. â€Å"Hundreds of women began as the eighteenth century drew on to add to their pin money, or to come to the rescue of th eir families by making translations or writing the innumerable bad novels†(366) That is the reason that â€Å"She died young – alas, she never wrote a word. She lies buried where the omnibuses now stop, opposite the Elephant and Castle. † (367)Baym has evaluated the American literary landscape and has tried to search for the reasons for â€Å"the critical invisibility of the many active women authors in America. † Nina Baym considers the similar question about the plight of women writers in American history as Woolf described. But her attitude toward the topic is not literary but rather feminist. She says that women writer â€Å"has entered the literary history as the enemy. † (593). Even the serious critics cast doubt about the female writings. She further elaborated her point of view and questioned the female presentation in the American literature by the male writer.She described three form of male suppression that is manifested subtly in literat ure. Firstly, a woman is equalized with nature or landscape instead of her real life-like portrayal. She considers it a form of subjugation done by the conscious omission of real female characters. Secondly, she is of the view that women has been presented as an epitome of â€Å"entrappers† or â€Å"domesticators†. She considers this misrepresentation and distortion of female character as a manifestation of male suppression. She draws upon various literary sources and texts to support her arguments and to arrive at her conclusions.

Main Uses of Both Financial and Management Accounting Data to the Company Running Free Essay Example, 1750 words

The use of financial accounting information is to solicit investments from potential investors. Potential investors require information on various matters, including solvency, financial strength, earning capability, and the ability of the management in order to decide whether or not to invest in the organization. The financial statements and the various financial ratios derived from the financial statements as mentioned in the above paragraph can be used by potential investors to make this decision. In addition, financial accounting information is used to satisfy statutory requirements (Atrill McLaney, 2003; Berry Jarvis, 1997; Glynn Murphy, 1998). This information is used for purposes of taxation. It also has to comply with the provisions of the Companies Act, designed to control activities of companies and to protect the interest of investors and others. Lastly, financial accounting information is used to facilitate wage and employment negotiations (Berry Jarvis, 1997). Inform ation on an organization s performance is also an assurance of steady employment and can also boost employee morale. Management accounting information is used for decision making such as to accept or reject special sales order, fix selling or tender price, add or delete a product line or department, maximise profits with a limited productive capacity or scarce resources, make or buy a component, or further process joint products (Berry Jarvis, 1997; Dyson, 2003; Glynn Murphy, 1998; Mott, 1991). We will write a custom essay sample on Main Uses of Both Financial and Management Accounting Data to the Company Running or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/page A special sales order, such as an order of a particularly large quantity such that certain costs can be reduced, can be accepted if it gives a positive contribution margin (sales minus marginal costs), provided the organization has idle capacity, fixed costs will not change, etc.